最近因為某些原因，所以開始測試國內的雲端環境，挑選的是中華電信的 hiCloud 服務，前面一些跌跌撞撞的紀錄就不多說了；簡單講，本來選了以為會比較好用的 CentOS 結果卻非常不順手，用了三天毅然決然把環境換為 ubuntu，直接 apt-get update 然後 do-release-upgrade -d 把原來的 ubuntu 10.04 升到 12.04 。玩了一陣子下來，果然順暢多了。
但是卻發現
hiCloud 目前無法自己製作 image deploy，所以只好把該記的記下來。
下面就是一些重新演練的環境紀錄，供以後參考。
基本環境設定
先安裝 sshd、vim、screen
apt-get install openssh-server
apt-get install vim
apt-get install screen
設定目前機器的網路環境
vim /etc/network/interfaces
iface lo inet loopback
auto lo
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet dhcp
改成
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
升級系統
大致上是 apt-get update ， apt upgrade 就可以解決。
一開始我是會用 apt-get 的 mirror 功能讓他自動依區育去挑 mirror，方法為在 /etc/apt/source.list 的最前面加上
deb mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
但不幸遇到 tw.archive.ubuntu.com 掛掉的問題的話，就到
官方mirror列表找自己的地區然後是
Up to date的，這裡我是選國網自由軟體實驗室的mirror，然後把 /etc/apt/source.list 改成
#
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 12.04.1 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120817.3)]/ dists/precise/main/binary-i386/
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 12.04.1 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120817.3)]/ dists/precise/restricted/binary-i386/
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 12.04.1 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120817.3)]/ precise main restricted
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 12.04.1 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120817.3)]/ dists/precise/main/binary-i386/
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 12.04.1 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120817.3)]/ dists/precise/restricted/binary-i386/
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 12.04.1 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120817.3)]/ precise main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://free.nchc.org.tw/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://free.nchc.org.tw/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://free.nchc.org.tw/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb-src http://free.nchc.org.tw/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://free.nchc.org.tw/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb-src http://free.nchc.org.tw/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb http://free.nchc.org.tw/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb-src http://free.nchc.org.tw/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://free.nchc.org.tw/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb-src http://free.nchc.org.tw/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb http://free.nchc.org.tw/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb-src http://free.nchc.org.tw/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://free.nchc.org.tw/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://free.nchc.org.tw/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Ubuntu's
## 'extras' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
# deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
# deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
如果覺得太麻煩，網路上有
自動產生器可以用。
建構網頁環境
安裝網頁伺服器(Lighttpd)
apt-get install lighttpd
安裝資料庫(MySQL)
apt-get install mysql-server
安裝 php
apt-get install php5-fpm
安裝 phpmyadmin
apt-get install phpmyadmin
將 php5-fpm 改成 unix-socket
vim /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
* 找到以下將 listen 換成 php5-fpm.sock *
; The address on which to accept FastCGI requests.
; Valid syntaxes are:
; 'ip.add.re.ss:port' - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific address on
; a specific port;
; 'port' - to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses on a
; specific port;
; '/path/to/unix/socket' - to listen on a unix socket.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
;listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen = /tmp/php5-fpm.sock
vim /etc/lighttpd/conf-enabled/15-fastcgi-php.conf
* 將 lighttpd 的 fastcgi module 改成跑 fpm sock *
fastcgi.server += ( ".php" =>
((
"socket" => "/tmp/php5-fpm.sock",
"broken-scriptfilename" => "enable"
))
)
遭遇錯誤
需要MDB2
Failed opening required 'MDB2.php':
解法
apt-get install php-mdb2
需要DataObject
Failed opening required 'DB/DataObject.php':
解法
pear install DB_DataObject
pear install MDB2_Driver_mysqli
需要php5-geoip
[plugin] modifier 'geoip_country_code_by_name' is not implemented:
解法
apt-get install php5-geoip
安裝開發環境
安裝GCC
apt-get install gcc
安裝G++
apt-get install g++
安裝GDB
apt-get install gdb
安裝 GMake
apt-get install make
安裝subversion
apt-get install subversion
安裝 Google Protobuf
apt-get install protobuf-compiler libprotobuf-dev
安裝 Boost C++ Library
apt-get install libboost-all-dev
安裝 Poco C++ Library
apt-get install libpoco-dev
安裝 MySQL C API
當出現錯誤訊息找不到 mysql.h:
apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
安裝 CMake
apt-get install cmake
安裝 samba
apt-get install samba
pdbedit -a USERNAME
設定 ulimit
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft core -1
* soft data 33554432
* soft fsize -1
* soft memlock -1
* soft nofile 40960
* soft rss -1
* soft stack 524288
* soft cpu -1
* soft as -1
* soft locks -1
root hard core 100000
設定 core dump filename
echo "%e.core.%s.%t"> /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
永久寫入 vim /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.core_pattern=%e.core.%s.%t
換掉 default editor
update-alternatives --config editor
備份與還原
安裝進度條
每次當我們在 unix-like 上執行某些操作，例如傳檔案、壓縮、解壓縮，總是很難知道現在還要等多久，所以可以透過pv 這支程式幫我們顯示進度條。
apt-get install pv
備份資料庫
mysqldump -u username -p --add-drop-table --create-options --routines --default-character-set=utf8 DATABASE_NAME | pv | bzip2 -cq9 | pv > BACKUPFILENAME.sql.bz2
還原資料庫
pv BACKUPFILENAME.sql.bz2 | bunzip2 > BACKUPFILENAME.sql
pv BACKUPFILENAME.sql | mysql -u username -p DATABASE_NAME
雜七雜八
看目前裝了什麼套件，類似FreeBSD 裡的 pkg_info
dpkg-query -Wf '${Installed-Size}\t${Package}\n' | sort -n
或是
sudo sed -ne '/^Package: (.*)/{s//1/;h;};/^Installed-Size: (.*)/{s//1/;G;s/n/ /;p;}' /var/lib/dpkg/status | sort -rn
